Surgical treatment of movement limitations and ankylosis

Surgical treatment is recommended in cases of ankylosis in which the conservational therapy has not been efficient, the pain and the dysfunction of the joint is very severe and:

1. inadequate chewing function
2. disturbed speech function
3. it is impossible to perform surgery, examination of the aero digestive system, endodontics and mouth hygiene procedures
4. impossible anaesthetic help (intubations)
5. delayed growing of the face.
   

Goals of the surgical treatment:

1. release the joint affected by ankylosis
2. make possible intubation narcosis, surgery, examination of the aero digestive system, endodontics and mouth hygiene procedures
3. improve the speech function
4. improve food chewing and eating functions
5. lessen or eradicate pain.
   

Risk factors:

1. overall health risks to be considered consulting with general practice physicians and doctors of the specific fields
2. type of the ankylosis (bone ankylosis or fibrous ankylosis)
3. etiology of the ankylosis (inflammation or trauma)
4. size and age of the ankylosis
5. muscle atrophic and dysfunction linked with ankylosis
6. child ankylosis until the completion of growing

Surgical treatment:

1. immediate redresation with an anaesthetic effect and following medical, physical or mechanical therapy
2. arthroscopic surgery - arthroscopic diagnostics and spiting of adhesions
3. resection of ankylosis  and reconstruction with costochondral graft